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A more recent version of this article appeared on September 9, 2005
Papers In Press, published online ahead of print June 24, 2005
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M506225200
Submitted on June 8, 2005
Accepted on June 24, 2005
SER557-phosphorylated mCRY2 is degraded upon synergistic phosphorylation by GSK-3
Yuko Harada, Mihoko Sakai, Nobuhiro Kurabayashi, Tsuyoshi Hirota, and Yoshitaka Fukada
Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033
Corresponding Author: sfukada{at}mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Cryptochrome1 and 2 act as essential components of the central and peripheral circadian clocks for generation of circadian rhythms in mammals. Here we show that mouse Cryptochrome2 (mCRY2) is phosphorylated at Ser557 in the liver, a well-characterized peripheral clock tissue. The Ser557-phosphorylated form accumulates in the liver during (subjective) night in parallel with mCRY2 protein, and the phosphorylated form reaches its maximal level at late night preceding the peak-time of the protein abundance by approximately 4 h in both light-dark cycle and constant dark conditions. The Ser557-phosphorylated form of mCRY2 is localized in the nucleus, whereas mCRY2 protein is located in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Importantly, phosphorylation of mCRY2 at Ser557 allows subsequent phosphorylation at Ser553 by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3 ), resulting in efficient degradation of mCRY2 by a proteasome pathway. As assessed by phosphorylation of GSK-3 at Ser9 which negatively regulates the kinase activity, GSK-3 exhibits a circadian rhythm in its activity with a peak from late night to early morning when Ser557 of mCRY2 is highly phosphorylated. Altogether, the present study demonstrates an important role of sequential phosphorylation at Ser557/Ser553 for destabilization of mCRY2, and illustrates a model that the circadian regulation of mCRY2 phosphorylation contributes to rhythmic degradation of mCRY2 protein.

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Copyright © 2005 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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