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A more recent version of this article appeared on July 28, 2006
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M601007200v1
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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print May 19, 2006
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M601007200
Submitted on February 2, 2006
Revised on April 3, 2006
Accepted on May 19, 2006

beta -adrenergic receptor antagonists accelerate skin wound healing: Evidence for a catecholamine synthesis network in the epidermis

Christine E. Pullar, Amilcar Rizzo, and R. Rivkah Isseroff

Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616

Corresponding Author: cepullar{at}ucdavis.edu

The skin is our primary defense against noxious environmental agents. Upon injury, keratinocytes migrate directionally into the wound bed to initiate re-epithelialization, essential for wound repair and restoration of barrier integrity. Keratinocytes express a high level of beta 2-ARs that appear to play a role in cutaneous homeostasis as aberrations in either keratinocyte beta 2-AR function or density are associated with various skin diseases. Here we report the novel finding that beta -AR antagonists promote wound re-epithelialization in a “chronic” human skin wound-healing model. beta -AR antagonists increase ERK phosphorylation, the rate of keratinocyte migration, electric field-directed migration and ultimately accelerate human skin wound re-epithelialization. We demonstrate that keratinocytes express two key enzymes required for catecholamine (beta -AR agonist) synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase, both localized within keratinocyte cytoplasmic vesicles. Finally, we confirm the synthesis of epinephrine by measuring the endogenously synthesized catecholamine in keratinocyte extracts. Previously, we have demonstrated that beta -AR agonists delay wound re-epithelialization. Here we report that the mechanism for the beta -AR antagonist-mediated augmentation of wound repair is due to beta 2-AR blockade, preventing the binding of endogenously synthesized epinephrine. Our work describes an endogenous beta -AR mediator network in the skin that can temporally regulate skin wound repair. Further investigation of this network will improve our understanding of both the skin repair process and the multiple mode of action of one of the most frequently prescribed class of drugs, hopefully resulting in a new treatment for chronic wounds.


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