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A more recent version of this article appeared on October 20, 2006
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M606603200v1
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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print August 21, 2006
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M606603200
Submitted on July 11, 2006
Revised on August 14, 2006
Accepted on August 21, 2006

Quantitative analysis of anti-apoptotic function of Akt in Akt1 and Akt2 double knock out MEF cells under normal and stressed conditions

Xuesong Liu, Yan Shi, Morris J. Birnbaum, Keqiang Ye, Ron De Jong, Tillman Oltersdorf, Vincent Giranda, and Yan Luo

Cancer Research, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064

Corresponding Author: xuesong.liu{at}abbott.com

The serine/threonine kinases, Akt1/PKBa, Akt2/PKBb, Akt3/PKBg, have been implicated in preventing cells from undergoing apoptosis. Although several small molecule inhibitors of Akt have been reported to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, these inhibitors may have additional targets. In the current study, we used an Akt3 small interfering RNA (Akt3 siRNA) to analyze apoptosis induction in Akt1 and Akt2 double knock out MEF cells (MEF-Akt1,2-DKO). Our data indicate that Akt3 siRNA inhibits Akt3 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. As a result, phosphorylation of Akt and its down-stream targets, including FKHRL1 and GSK3a/b, are reduced accordingly. The treatment also induces apoptosis in MEF-Akt1,2-DKO cells. However, apoptosis induction is significant only when more than 80% of Akt3 protein was depleted. Re-introducing Akt3 totally rescued Akt3-siRNA induced apoptosis in MEF-Akt1,2-DKO cells. In addition, re-introducing Akt1 also inhibited apoptosis induced by Akt3 siRNA. Moreover, Akt3 siRNA potentiates different stress-induced apoptosis in MEF-Akt1,2-DKO cells at a lower dose when compared to what is required for apoptosis induction by itself. Our study suggests that only a small portion of Akt is active in wild-type MEF cells and a threshold of Akt inhibition is required to induce apoptosis by pure Akt inhibitors. In addition, our data indicate that cells under stress require more Akt for its survival.


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