Papers In Press, published online ahead of print October 9, 2007
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M706296200
Submitted on July 31, 2007
Revised on September 25, 2007
Accepted on October 9, 2007
Diversity of penicillin-binding proteins: Resistance factor FmtA of Staphylococcus aureus
Xin Fan, Yuhong Liu, Daryl Smith, Lars Konermann, K. W. Michael Siu, and Dasantila Golemi
Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3
Corresponding Author: dgkotra{at}yorku.ca
Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major concern to public health. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains are completely resistant to all beta-lactams antibiotics. One of the main factors involved in methicillin resistance in S. aureus is the penicillin-binding protein, PBP2a. This protein is insensitive to inactivation by beta-lactam antibiotics such as methicillin. While other proteins are implicated in high and homogeneous levels of methicillin resistance, the functions of these other proteins remain elusive. Herein, we report for the first time on the putative function of one of these proteins, FmtA. This protein specifically interacts with beta-lactam antibiotics forming covalently bound complexes. The serine residue present in the sequence motif Ser-X-X-Lys (which is conserved among penicillin-binding proteins and beta-lactamases), is the active-site nucleophile during the formation of acyl-enzyme species. FmtA has a low binding affinity for beta-lactams, and it experiences a slow acylation rate, suggesting that this protein is intrinsically resistant to beta-lactam inactivation. We found that FmtA undergoes conformational changes in presence of beta-lactams, which may be essential to the beta-lactam-resistance mechanism. FmtA binds to peptidoglycan in vitro. Our findings suggest that FmtA is a penicillin-binding protein and, as such, it may compensate for suppressed peptidoglycan biosynthesis under beta-lactam induced cell wall stress conditions.