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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print May 9, 2008
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M801562200
Submitted on February 26, 2008
Accepted on May 9, 2008

Disulfide bond structure and domain organization of yeast beta (1,3)-glucanosyltransferases involved in cell wall biogenesis

Laura Popolo, Enrico Ragni, Cristina Carotti, Oscar Palomares, Ronald Aardema, Jaap Willem Back, Henk Dekker, Leo J. de Koning, Luitzen de Jong, and Chris G. de Koster

Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133

Corresponding Author: Laura.Popolo{at}unimi.it

The Gel/Gas/Phr family of fungal beta(1,3)-glucanosyltransferases plays an important role in cell wall biogenesis by processing the main component, beta (1,3)-glucan. Two subfamilies are distinguished depending on the presence or absence of a C-terminal cysteine-rich domain, denoted “Cys-box”. The N-terminal domain (NtD) contains the catalytic residues for transglycosidase activity and is separated from the Cys-box by a linker region. To obtain a better understanding of the structure and function of the Cys-box-containing subfamily we identified the disulfide bonds in Gas2p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by an improved mass spectrometric methodology. We mapped two separate intra-domain clusters of three and four disulfide bridges. One of the bonds in the first cluster connects a central Cys residue of the NtD with a single conserved Cys residue in the linker. Site-directed mutagenesis of the Cys residue in the linker resulted in an endoplasmic reticulum-precursor that was not matured and underwent a gradual degradation. The relevant disulfide bond has a crucial role in folding as it may stabilize the NtD and facilitate its interaction with the C-terminal portion of a Gas protein. The four disulfide bonds in the Cys-box are arranged in a manner consistent with a partial structural resemblance with the plant X8 domain, an independent carbohydrate binding module which possesses only three disulfide bonds. Deletion of the Cys-box in Gas2 or Gas1 proteins led to the formation of an NtD devoid of any enzymatic activity. The results suggest that the Cys-box is required for proper folding of the NtD and/or substrate binding.







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