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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print October 29, 2002
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M209423200
Submitted on September 13, 2002
Revised on October 22, 2002
Accepted on October 29, 2002

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor signaling modulates beta cell apoptosis

Yazhou Li, Tanya Hansotia, Bernardo Yusta, Frederic Ris, Philippe A. Halban, and Daniel J. Drucker

Medicine Dept., Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G2C4

Corresponding Author: d.drucker{at}utoronto.ca

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) stimulates insulin secretion and augments beta cell mass via activation of beta cell proliferation and islet neogenesis. We examined whether GLP-1 receptor signaling modifies the cellular susceptibility to apoptosis. Mice administered streptozotocin (STZ), an agent known to induce beta cell apoptosis, exhibit sustained improvement in glycemic control and increased levels of plasma insulin with concomitant administration of the GLP-1 agonist exendin-4 (Ex-4). Blood glucose remained significantly lower for weeks following cessation of exendin-4. STZ induced beta cell apoptosis which was significantly reduced by co-administration of exendin-4. Conversely, mice with a targeted disruption of the GLP-1 receptor gene exhibited increased beta cell apoptosis following STZ administration. Exendin-4 directly reduced cytokine-induced apoptosis in purified rat beta cells exposed to IL-1ß, TNFalpha, and IFN-gamma in vitro. Furthermore, Ex-4-treated BHK-GLP-1R cells exhibited significantly increased cell viability, reduced caspase activity, and decreased cleavage of beta-catenin following treatment with cycloheximide in vitro. These findings demonstrate that GLP-1 receptor signaling directly modifies the susceptibility to apoptotic injury, and provides a new potential mechanism linking GLP-1 receptor activation to preservation or enhancement of beta cell mass in vivo.


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