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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print April 7, 2003
Enviromental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins Scholl of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
Corresponding Author: sreddy{at}jhsph.edu
The overexpression of SPRR1B in bronchial epithelial (BE) cells is a marker for early metaplastic changes induced by various toxicants/carcinogens. Previously, we have shown that the transcriptional stimulation of SPRR1B expression by phorbol 13-myristate 12-acetate (PMA or TPA) is mainly mediated by –150 to –94 bp enhancer harboring two critical PMA-responsive elements (TREs) sites and by Jun/Fra-1 dimers. Here, we show that a region between -54 to -39 bp containing ETS binding site (EBS) and GC-box is essential for both basal and PMA-inducible SPRR1B transcription. In vivo footprinting demonstrated a binding of transcription factors to these elements. However, unlike enhancer TREs, exposure of cells with PMA did not significantly alter footprinting pattern at these elements. Mutations that cripple both EBS and GC-box suppressed both basal and PMA-inducible SPRR1B transcription. Consistent with this, overexpression of EBS binding proteins, ESE-1 and ESE-3, significantly stimulated SPRR1B promoter activity. Furthermore, preceding SPRR1B transcription, PMA upregulates mRNA expression of ETS family members, such as ESE-1 and ESE-3. Although ESE-1 synergistically activated c-Jun and PMA-enhanced SPRR1B transcription, co-expression of Sp1 and ESE-1 showed no synergistic or additive effect on promoter activity indicating an obligatory role for AP-1 proteins in such regulation. In support of this notion, deletion or mutation of two functional TREs inhibited ESE-1 and Sp1 enhanced promoter activation. Thus, the expression and interaction of ESE-1 and Sp1, and AP-1 proteins binding at the proximal and distal promoter region, respectively, play a critical role in the induction of squamous differentiation marker expression in BE cells.
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M212258200
Submitted on December 2, 2002
Revised on April 4, 2003
Accepted on April 7, 2003
Interplay between proximal and distal promoter elements is required for squamous differentiation marker induction in bronchial epithelium: Role for ESE-1, SP1, and AP-1 proteins
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