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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print April 7, 2003
Medical Nobel Institute for Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-171 77
Corresponding Author: Arne.Holmgren{at}mbb.ki.se
Inorganic sulfate (SO42-, S+VI) is reduced in vivo to sulfite (SO32-, S+IV) via phosphoadenylylsulfate (PAPS) reductase. Escherichia coli lacking glutathione reductase and glutaredoxins (gor-grxA-grxB-grxC-) grows barely on sulfate. We found that incubation of PAPS reductase with oxidized glutathione leads to enzyme inactivation with simultaneous formation of a mixed disulfide between glutathione and the active site Cys 239. A newly developed method based on thiol-specific fluorescent alkylation and gel electrophoresis showed that glutathionylated PAPS reductase is reduced by glutaredoxins via a monothiol-mechanism. This glutathionylated species was also observed in poorly growing gor-grxA-grxB-grxC- cells expressing inactive glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) C9S-C12S. However, it was absent in better growing cells expressing monothiol Grx2 C12S or wild type Grx2. Reversible glutathionylation may thus regulate the activity of PAPS reductase in vivo.
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M302304200
Submitted on March 5, 2003
Revised on April 2, 2003
Accepted on April 7, 2003
Redox regulation of 3' phospoadenylsulfate reductase from Escherichia coli by glutathione and glutaredoxins
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