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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print September 23, 2003
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
Corresponding Author: rychlikj{at}ohsu.edu
Dopamine-
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M308577200
Submitted on August 5, 2003
Revised on September 18, 2003
Accepted on September 19, 2003
The interaction between dHAND and Arix at the dopamine-
-hydroxylase promoter region is independent of direct dHAND binding to DNA
-hydroxylase (DBH) catalyzes the production of norepinephrine and its expression defines the noradrenergic phenotype. Transcription factors dHAND, a bHLH protein, and Arix/Phox2a, a homeoprotein, have been demonstrated to play a role in the differentiation and maintenance of catecholaminergic neurons. Three Arix regulatory sites have been identified in the DBH promoter proximal region, but there is no such evidence for dHAND. Co-transfection with a DBH promoter-luciferase reporter construct plus dHAND or dHAND/E12 expression plasmids did not alter luciferase activity, while transfection with Arix resulted in a 2.5-fold stimulation of luciferase activity. However, a 5.5-fold increase was observed if Arix and dHAND were combined and an 8-fold level of expression was observed if Arix was transfected with a dHAND mutant lacking the basic, DNA-binding domain. If the homeodomain sites in the DBH promoter proximal region were mutated, all activity was lost, demonstrating dependence upon Arix-DNA interaction for transcriptional activation. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, the addition of dHAND decreased the amount of Arix needed to elicit a mobility shift with the DBH homeodomain binding sites, and the dHAND basic mutant potentiated Arix binding in a similar manner to wild-type dHAND. The dHAND/Arix complex was dissociated by the addition of a cold competitor containing a homeodomain, but not by the addition of a competitor containing E-boxes. Arix coprecipitated with antisera directed against recombinant dHAND, demonstrating direct protein-protein interactions. These results indicate that the activation of the DBH promoter by Arix is potentiated by dHAND via a mechanism independent of a direct interaction of dHAND with DNA.
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