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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print October 8, 2004
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University, Bari, Italy 70126
Corresponding Author: g.paradies{at}biologia.uniba.it
Release of cytochrome c from mitochondria is considered a critical, early event in the induction of apoptosis cascade that ultimately leads to programmed cell death. Mitochondrial Ca2+ loading is a trigger for the release of cytochrome c, although the molecular mechanism underlying this effect is not fully clarified. This study tested the hypothesis that distinct Ca2+ thresholds may induce cytochrome c release from rat liver mitochondria by membrane permeability transition (MPT)-dependent and independent mechanisms. The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cardiolipin in the Ca2+-induced cytochrome c release was also investigated. Cytochrome c was quantitated by a new, very sensitive and rapid reverse-phase HPLC method with a detection limit of 0.1 pmol/sample. We found that low extramitochondrial Ca2+ level (2 M) promoted the release of around 13 % of the total alamethicin releasable pool of cytochrome c from mitochondria. This release was not depending of MPT, it was mediated by Ca2+-induced ROS production and cardiolipin peroxidation, and appears to involve the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC). High extramitochondrial Ca2+ level ( 20 M) promoted around 45 % of the total releasable pool of cytochrome c. This process was MPT-dependent and it was also mediated by ROS and cardiolipin. It is suggested that distinct Ca2+ levels may determine the mode and the amount of cytochrome c release from rat liver mitochondria. The data may help to clarify the molecular mechanism underlying the Ca2+-induced release of cytochrome c from rat liver mitochondria and the role played by ROS and cardiolipin in this process
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M407500200
Submitted on July 6, 2004
Revised on September 29, 2004
Accepted on October 8, 2004
Ca2+-induced ROS production promotes cytochrome c release from rat liver mitochondria via MPT-dependent and MPT-independent mechanisms. Role of cardiolipin
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