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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print November 2, 2004
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M410104200
Submitted on September 2, 2004
Revised on November 1, 2004
Accepted on November 2, 2004

Functional characterization in vitro of all two-component signal transduction systems from Escherichia coli

Kaneyoshi Yamamoto, Kiyo Hirao, Taku Oshima, Hirofumi Aiba, Ryutaro Utsumi, and Akira Ishihama

Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kinki University, Nara, Nara 631-8505

Corresponding Author: kyamam{at}nara.kindai.ac.jp

Bacteria possess a signal transduction system, referred to as two component system, for adaptation to external stimuli. Each two component system (TCS) consists of a sensor protein-histidine kinase (HK) and a response regulator (RR), both together forming a signal transduction pathway via histidyl-aspartyl phosphorelay. A total of 30 sensor HKs including as yet uncharacterized putative HKs (BaeS, BasS, CreC, CusS, HydH, RstB, YedV and YfhK) and a total of 34 RRs including putative RRs (BaeR, BasR, CreB, CusR, HydG, RstA, YedW, YfhA, YgeK, and YhjB) have been suggested to exist in Escherichia coli. We have purified the carboxyl-terminal catalytic domain of 27 sensor HKs and the full-length protein of all 34 RRs to apparent homogeneity. Self-phosphorylation in vitro was detected for 25 HKs. The rate of self-phosphoorylation differed among HKs while the level of phosphorylation was generally co-related with the phosphorylation rate. However, the phosphorylation level was low for ArcB, HydH, NarQ and NtrB even though the reaction rate was fast, while the level was high for the slow-phosphorylation species, BasS, CheA and CreC. Using the phosphorylated HKs, we examined trans-phosphorylation in vitro of RRs for all possible combinations. Trans-phosphorylation of presumed cognate RRs by HKs was detected, for the first time, for eight pairs, BaeS-BaeR, BasS-BasR, CreC-CreB, CusS-CusR, HydH-HydG, RstB-RstA, YedV-YedW, and YfhK-YfhA. All trans-phosphorylation took place within less than 1/2 min, but the stability of phosphorylated RRs differed, indicating the involvement of de-phosphorylation control. In addition to the trans-phosphorylation between the cognate pairs, we detected trans-phosphorylation between about 3% of non-cognate HK-RR paris, raising a possibility that the cross-talk in signal transduction takes place between TCS systems.


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