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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print December 23, 2004
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M412738200
Submitted on November 10, 2004
Revised on December 20, 2004
Accepted on December 23, 2004

Positive and negative regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B-mediated transcription by Ikappa B-zeta , an inducible nuclear protein

Masaiwa Motoyama, Soh Yamazaki, Akiko Eto-Kimura, Koichiro Takeshige, and Tatsushi Muta

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582

Corresponding Author: tmuta{at}mailserver.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp

Ikappa B-zeta is an inducible nuclear protein that interacts with nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) via its carboxyl-terminal ankyrin-repeats. Previous studies using an NF-kappa B reporter have shown that Ikappa B-zeta inhibits the activity of NF-kappa B. In the present study, we dissected the N-terminal region of Ikappa B-zeta , which shows no homology to any other proteins. Indirect immunofluorescence studies demonstrated the presence of a bipartite nuclear localization signal spanning amino acids 163-178. Using GAL4-fusion proteins, we found that internal fragments containing amino acids 329-402 possessed intrinsic transcriptional activation activity. Interestingly, the activity was not detected in GAL4-fusion proteins of the full-length Ikappa B-zeta . On the other hand, the GAL4-dependent transcriptional activity was generated by co-expression of the GAL4-NF-kappa B p50 subunit fusion protein and the full-length Ikappa B-zeta , neither of which exhibited the activity on their own. A new splicing variant, Ikappa B-zeta (D), with a deletion of amino acids 236-429, was found to lack transactivation activity. Forced expression of Ikappa B-zeta , but not Ikappa B-zeta (D), augmented interleukin-6 production, indicating the functional significance of the transactivation activity. In contrast, tumor necrosis factor-alpha production was inhibited by expression of Ikappa B-zeta , highlighting the dual functions of this molecule. These results indicate that Ikappa B-zeta harbors latent transcriptional activation activity, and that the activity is expressed upon interaction with the NF-kappa B p50 subunit. In addition to the inhibitory activity on NF-kappa B-mediated transcription, the transcriptional activation activity of Ikappa B-zeta should be crucial for the regulation of inflammation.


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