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M511629200v1
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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print January 5, 2006
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M511629200
Submitted on October 27, 2005
Revised on January 4, 2006
Accepted on January 4, 2006

A functional -1 ribosomal frameshift signal in the human paraneoplastic Ma3 gene

Norma M. Wills, Barry Moore, Andrew Hammer, Raymond F. Gesteland, and John F. Atkins

Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5330

Corresponding Author: john.atkins{at}genetics.utah.edu

A bioinformatics approach to finding new cases of -1 frameshifting in the expression of human genes revealed a classical retroviral-like heptanucleotide shift site followed by a potential structural stimulator in the paraneo-plastic antigen Ma3 gene. Analysis of the sequence 3’ of the shift site demonstrated that an RNA pseudoknot in Ma3 is important for promoting efficient -1 frameshifting. Ma3 is a member of a family of six genes in humans that contain homology to retroviral Gag proteins. The -1 frameshift site and pseudoknot structure are conserved in other mammals, but there are some sequence differences. Although the functions of the Ma genes are unknown, the serious neurological effects of ectopic expression in tumor cells indicate their importance in the brain.


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