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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print August 1, 2006
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M513105200
Submitted on December 8, 2005
Accepted on August 1, 2006

Caspase-3-dependent activation of calcium-independent phopsholipase A2 enhances cell migration in non-apoptotic ovarian cancer cells

Xiaoxian Zhao, Dongmei Wang, Zhenwen Zhao, Yingyi Xiao, Saubhik Sengupta, Yijin Xiao, Renliang Zhang, Kirsten Lauber, Sebastian Wesselborg, Li Feng, Tyler M. Rose, Yue Shen, Junjie Zhang, Gleen Prestwich, and Yan Xu

Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202

Corresponding Author: xu2{at}iupui.edu

Calcium-independent phospholipase A2) (iPLA2) plays a pivotal role in phospholipid remodeling and many other biological processes, including inflammation and cancer development. iPLA{sub2 can be activated by caspase-3 via a proteolytic process in apoptotic cells. In this study, we identify novel signaling and functional loops of iPLA2 activation leading to migration of non-apoptotic human ovarian cancer cells. The extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, laminin-10/11, but not collagen I, induces integrin- and caspase-3-dependent cleavage and activation of over-expressed, and endogenous iPLA2. The truncated iPLA2 (aa514-806) generates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and arachidonic acid (AA). AA is important for enhancing cell migration towards laminin-10/11. LPA activates Akt that in turn acts in a feedback loop to block the cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and DNA fragmentation factor (DFF), as well as prevent apoptosis. By using pharmacological inhibitors, blocking antibodies, and genetic approaches (such as point mutations, dominant negative forms of genes, and siRNAs against specific targets), we show that beta 1, but not beta 4, integrin is involved in iPLA2 activation and cell migration to laminin-10/11. The role of caspase-3 in iPLA2 activation and cell migration are supported by several lines of evidence: 1) point mutation of Asp513 (a cleavage site of caspase-3 in iPLA2) to Ala blocks laminin-10/11-induced cleavage and activation of over-expressed iPLA2, while mutation of Asp733 to Ala has no such effect; 2) treatment of inhibitors or a siRNA against caspase-3 results in decreased cell migration towards laminin-10/11; and 3) selective caspase-3 inhibitor blocks cleavage of endogenous iPLA2 induced by laminin-10/11. Importantly, siRNA-mediated down regulation of endogenous iPLA2 expression in ovarian carcinoma HEY cells results in decreased migration towards laminin, suggesting that our findings are pathophysiologically important.


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