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A more recent version of this article appeared on November 24, 2006
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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print October 1, 2006
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M600788200
Submitted on January 25, 2006
Accepted on October 1, 2006

Opposing roles for Akt1 and Akt2 in Rac/Pak signaling and cell migration

Guo-Lei Zhou, David F. Tucker, Sun Sik Bae, Kanav Bhatheja, Morris J. Birnbaum, and Jeffrey Field

Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104

Corresponding Author: field{at}pharm.med.upenn.edu

The Akt/PKB isoforms have different roles in animals, with Akt2 primarily regulating metabolic signaling and Akt1 regulating growth and survival. Here we show distinct roles for Akt1 and Akt2 in MEF (Mouse Embryo Fibroblast) cell migration and regulation of the cytoskeleton. Akt1 deficient cells responded poorly to PDGF while Akt2 deficient cells had a dramatically enhanced response, resulting in a substantial increase in dorsal ruffling. Swapping domains between Akt1 and Akt2 demonstrated that the N-terminal region containing the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and a linker region distinguishes the two isoforms, while the catalytic domains are interchangeable. Akt2 knockout cells also migrated faster than wild type cells, especially through extracellular matrix (ECM), while Akt1 knockout cells migrated more slowly than wild type cells. Consistently, Akt2 knockout cells had elevated Pak1 and Rac activities, suggesting that Akt2 inhibits Rac and Pak1. Both Akt2 and Akt1 associated in complexes with Pak1, but only Akt2 inhibited Pak1 in kinase assays suggesting an underlying molecular basis for the different cellular phenotypes. Together these data provide evidence for an unexpected functional link between Akt2 and Pak1 that opposes the actions of Akt1 on cell migration.


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