Three Novel Proteins of the Syntaxin/SNAP-25 Family*
- Martin Steegmaier‡§,
- Bin Yang‡,
- Jin-San Yoo‡,
- Betty Huang¶,
- Mary Shen¶,
- Sandra Yu¶,
- Ying Luo¶ and
- Richard H. Scheller‡‖
- From ¶Rigel Inc., Sunnyvale, California 94086 and the‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5345
Abstract
Intracellular membrane traffic is thought to be regulated in part by soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) through the formation of complexes between these proteins present on vesicle and target membranes. All known SNARE-mediated fusion events involve members of the syntaxin and vesicle-associated membrane protein families. The diversity of mammalian membrane compartments predicts the existence of a large number of different syntaxin and vesicle-associated membrane protein genes. To further investigate the spectrum of SNAREs and their roles in membrane trafficking we characterized three novel members of the syntaxin and SNAP-25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa) subfamilies. The proteins are broadly expressed, suggesting a general role in vesicle trafficking, and localize to distinct membrane compartments. Syntaxin 8 co-localizes with markers of the endoplasmic reticulum. Syntaxin 17, a divergent member of the syntaxin family, partially overlaps with endoplasmic reticulum markers, and SNAP-29 is broadly localized on multiple membranes. SNAP-29 does not contain a predicted membrane anchor characteristic of other SNAREs. In vitro studies established that SNAP-29 is capable of binding to a broad range of syntaxins.
Footnotes
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↵* The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
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↵§ Supported by a fellowship from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
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↵‖ To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 650-723-9075; Fax: 650-725-4436; E-mail:scheller{at}cmgm.stanford.edu.
- Abbreviations:
- VAMP
-
vesicle-associated membrane protein
- NSF
-
N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor
- SNAP
-
soluble NSF attachment protein
- SNARE
-
SNAP receptor
- GST
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glutathioneS-transferase
- EST
-
expressed sequence tag
- ORF
-
open reading frame
- PCR
-
polymerase chain reaction
- kb
-
kilobase(s)
- ER
-
endoplasmic reticulum.
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- Received September 10, 1998.
- Revision received October 15, 1998.
- The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
