The Integrin Cytoplasmic-tail Motif EKQKVDLSTDC Is Sufficient to Promote Tumor Cell Invasion Mediated by Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 or MMP-9^*

Abstract

Integrins promote cellular invasion through a combination of activities, including adhesion to an extracellular matrix ligand, which result in the generation of intracellular signals that lead to changes in cell behavior. Until now, there have been no data that identify a particular region of the cytoplasmic tail of integrin subunits as being responsible specifically for promoting the invasive activity of tumor cells. In this report, we show that amino acids with the sequence EKQKVDLSTDC, which are the C-terminal residues of the integrin β6 subunit, promote αvβ6-dependent invasion in a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9-dependent fashion. This same peptide sequence, when expressed at the cytoplasmic end of the β3 integrin subunit, was able to enhance αvβ3-mediated invasive and enzymatic activity of tumor cells in an MMP-2-dependent fashion. Our results show that these 11 amino acids, when expressed at the C terminus of the β subunit, are responsible for regulating the activity of invasion-promoting degradative enzymes, whereas the specific MMP involved in this cellular behavior is dependent on the context of the remainder of the β integrin subunit.