Pharmacological Chaperone Activity of SR49059 to Functionally Recover Misfolded Mutations of the Vasopressin V1a Receptor*
- Institute of Cell Signalling, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- 1 To whom correspondence may be addressed. Tel.: 115-9709282; Fax: 115-9704493; E-mail: Stuart.Hawtin{at}nottingham.ac.uk.
Abstract
Pharmacological chaperones represent a new class of ligand with the potential to facilitate the delivery of misfolded, but still active, G-protein-coupled receptors to the cell surface. Using transfected HEK 293T cells, treatment with a nonpeptide antagonist, SR49059, dramatically increased (∼60-fold) the surface expression of a misfolded, nonfunctional and intracellularly localized vasopressin V1a receptor (V1aR) mutant (D148A). This rescue of surface expression (111 ± 7%) was almost identical to wild type assessed by confocal microscopy and quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based techniques. Recovery was not specific to D148A, since other surface-impaired mutations, D148N and D148E, and wild type were also increased following SR49059 exposure. However, surface delivery was specific to SR49059, since V1aR-selective peptide ligands or unrelated ligands were unable to mimic this action, suggesting that SR49059 acts intracellularly. SR49059-mediated surface rescue was time-, mutant-, and concentration-dependent but not directly related to its binding affinity. Maximal recovery was achieved following 12 h of treatment and did not involve de novo receptor synthesis or a consequence of preventing endogenous constitutive activity and/or internalization. Once at the surface, all mutants displayed enhanced signaling ability, and D148A was able to undergo agonist-mediated internalization. SR49059 was not effectively removed from the receptor, since signaling (EC50) of both wild type and D148A was reduced ∼40-fold. This is the first report of a pharmacological chaperone ligand to act on misfolded mutant V1a Rs. This work provides an excellent model to understand the mechanistic action of an important new class of drug that may have potential in the treatment of diseases caused by inherited mutations.
Footnotes
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↵2 The abbreviations and trivial names used are: ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ANOVA, analysis of variance; A1R, adenosine A1 receptor ([Arg8]vasopressin); BSA, bovine serum albumin; CA, cyclic antagonist (d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)2AVP); CGS159453, 5-amino-9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline; DPPX, 1,3-dipropyl-8-phenylxanthine; DPCPX, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; GPCR, G-protein-coupled receptor; HA, hemagglutinin; HEK, human embryonic kidney; InsP, inositol phosphate; LA, linear antagonist (phenyl-acetyl-d-Tyr(Me)2Arg6Tyr(NH2)9AVP); OT, oxytocin; OTR, oxytocin receptor; TBS, Tris-buffered saline; V1aR, V1bR, and V2R, vasopressin V1a, V1b, and V2 receptor, respectively; WT, wild type; XAC, 8-(4-[{([{2-aminoethyl}amino]-carbonyl)methyl}oxy]phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine, also known as xanthine amine congener; SR49059, (2S)-[(2R,3S)-(5-chloro-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzene-sulfonyl)-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-2-carbonyl]-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide; SR121463, 1-[4-(N-tert-butylcarbamoyl)-2-methoxybenzene sulfonyl-]5-ethoxy-3-spiro[-4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)-cyclohexane]indoline-2-one, phosphate monohydrate (cis-isomer); SSR149415, (2S,4R)-1-[5-chloro-1-[(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidine carboxamide (isomer (–)).
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↵* This work was supported by an independent fellowship awarded from the University of Nottingham. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
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- Received October 26, 2005.
- Revision received March 14, 2006.
- The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
