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<title>Journal of Biological Chemistry</title>
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<link>http://www.jbc.org</link>
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<title><![CDATA[Targeting all transforming growth factor-{beta} isoforms with an Fc chimeric receptor impairs tumor growth and angiogenesis of oral squamous cell cancer [Signal Transduction]]]></title>
<link>http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12559.short?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[Tumor progression is governed by various growth factors and cytokines in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Among these, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is secreted by various cell types residing in the TME and promotes tumor progression by inducing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells and tumor angiogenesis. TGF-β comprises three isoforms, TGF-β1, -β2, and -β3, and transduces intracellular signals via TGF-β type I receptor (TβRI) and TGF-β type II receptor (TβRII). For the purpose of designing ligand traps that reduce oncogenic signaling in the TME, chimeric proteins comprising the ligand-interacting ectodomains of receptors fused with the Fc portion of immunoglobulin are often used. For example, chimeric soluble TβRII (TβRII-Fc) has been developed as an effective therapeutic strategy for targeting TGF-β ligands, but several lines of evidence indicate that TβRII-Fc more effectively traps TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 than TGF-β2, whose expression is elevated in multiple cancer types. In the present study, we developed a chimeric TGF-β receptor containing both TβRI and TβRII (TβRI-TβRII-Fc) and found that TβRI-TβRII-Fc trapped all TGF-β isoforms, leading to inhibition of both the TGF-β signal and TGF-β–induced EMT of oral cancer cells, whereas TβRII-Fc failed to trap TGF-β2. Furthermore, we found that TβRI-TβRII-Fc suppresses tumor growth and angiogenesis more effectively than TβRII-Fc in a subcutaneous xenograft model of oral cancer cells with high TGF-β expression. These results suggest that TβRI-TβRII-Fc may be a promising tool for targeting all TGF-β isoforms in the TME.]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kazuki Takahashi, Yuichi Akatsu, Katarzyna A. Podyma-Inoue, Takehisa Matsumoto, Hitomi Takahashi, Yasuhiro Yoshimatsu, Daizo Koinuma, Mikako Shirouzu, Kohei Miyazono, Tetsuro Watabe]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04T00:05:37-07:00</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>info:doi/10.1074/jbc.RA120.012492</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>hwp:master-id:jbc;RA120.012492</dc:identifier>
<dc:publisher>ASBMB</dc:publisher>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting all transforming growth factor-{beta} isoforms with an Fc chimeric receptor impairs tumor growth and angiogenesis of oral squamous cell cancer [Signal Transduction]]]></dc:title>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section>Editors&#x27; Picks</prism:section>
<prism:subsection1>Signal Transduction</prism:subsection1>
<prism:volume>295</prism:volume>
<prism:number>36</prism:number>
<prism:startingPage>12559</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>12572</prism:endingPage>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12573.short?rss=1">
<title><![CDATA[A polysaccharide extract from the medicinal plant Maidong inhibits the IKK-NF-{kappa}B pathway and IL-1{beta}-induced islet inflammation and increases insulin secretion [Metabolism]]]></title>
<link>http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12573.short?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[The herb dwarf lilyturf tuber (Maidong, Ophiopogonis Radix) is widely used in Chinese traditional medicine to manage diabetes and its complications. However, the role of Maidong polysaccharide extract (MPE) in pancreatic β-cell function is unclear. Here, we investigated whether MPE protects β-cell function and studied the underlying mechanisms. We treated db/db and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice with 800 or 400 mg/kg MPE or water for 4 weeks, followed by an oral glucose tolerance test. Pancreas and blood were collected for molecular analyses, and clonal MIN6 β-cells and primary islets from HFD-induced obese mice and normal chow diet–fed mice were used in additional analyses. In vivo, MPE both increased insulin secretion and reduced blood glucose in the db/db mice but increased only insulin secretion in the HFD-induced obese mice. MPE substantially increased the β-cell area in both models (3-fold and 2-fold, p < 0.01, for db/db and HFD mice, respectively). We observed reduced nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB in islets of MPE-treated db/db mice, coinciding with enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). In vitro, MPE potentiated GSIS and decreased interleukin 1β (IL-1β) secretion in MIN6 β-cells. Incubation of MIN6 cells with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interferon-γ, and IL-1β amplified IL-1β secretion and inhibited GSIS. These effects were partially reversed with MPE or the IκB kinase β inhibitor PS1145, coinciding with reduced activation of p65 and p-IκB in the NF-κB pathway. We conclude that MPE may have potential for therapeutic development for β-cell protection.]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Dandan Mao, Xiao Yu Tian, Di Mao, Sze Wan Hung, Chi Chiu Wang, Clara Bik San Lau, Heung Man Lee, Chun Kwok Wong, Elaine Chow, Xing Ming, Huanyi Cao, Ronald C. Ma, Paul K. S. Chan, Alice P. S. Kong, Joshua J. X. Li, Guy A. Rutter, Wing Hung Tam, Juliana C. N. Chan]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04T00:05:37-07:00</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>info:doi/10.1074/jbc.RA120.014357</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>hwp:master-id:jbc;RA120.014357</dc:identifier>
<dc:publisher>ASBMB</dc:publisher>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A polysaccharide extract from the medicinal plant Maidong inhibits the IKK-NF-{kappa}B pathway and IL-1{beta}-induced islet inflammation and increases insulin secretion [Metabolism]]]></dc:title>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section>Cell Biology</prism:section>
<prism:subsection1>Metabolism</prism:subsection1>
<prism:volume>295</prism:volume>
<prism:number>36</prism:number>
<prism:startingPage>12573</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>12587</prism:endingPage>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12588.short?rss=1">
<title><![CDATA[A cryptic sequence targets the adhesion complex scaffold ANKS4B to apical microvilli to promote enterocyte brush border assembly [Developmental Biology]]]></title>
<link>http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12588.short?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[Nutrient-transporting enterocytes interact with their luminal environment using a densely packed collection of apical microvilli known as the brush border. Assembly of the brush border is controlled by the intermicrovillar adhesion complex (IMAC), a protocadherin-based complex found at the tips of brush border microvilli that mediates adhesion between neighboring protrusions. ANKS4B is known to be an essential scaffold within the IMAC, although its functional properties have not been thoroughly characterized. We report here that ANKS4B is directed to the brush border using a noncanonical apical targeting sequence that maps to a previously unannotated region of the scaffold. When expressed on its own, this sequence targeted to microvilli in the absence of any direct interaction with the other IMAC components. Sequence analysis revealed a coiled-coil motif and a putative membrane-binding basic-hydrophobic repeat sequence within this targeting region, both of which were required for the scaffold to target and mediate brush border assembly. Size-exclusion chromatography of the isolated targeting sequence coupled with in vitro brush border binding assays suggests that it functions as an oligomer. We further show that the corresponding sequence found in the closest homolog of ANKS4B, the scaffold USH1G that operates in sensory epithelia as part of the Usher complex, lacks the inherent ability to target to microvilli. This study further defines the underlying mechanism of how ANKS4B targets to the apical domain of enterocytes to drive brush border assembly and identifies a point of functional divergence between the ankyrin repeat–based scaffolds found in the IMAC and Usher complex.]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Maura J. Graves, Samaneh Matoo, Myoung Soo Choi, Zachary A. Storad, Rawnag A. El Sheikh Idris, Brooke K. Pickles, Prashun Acharya, Paula E. Shinder, Taylen O. Arvay, Scott W. Crawley]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04T00:05:37-07:00</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>info:doi/10.1074/jbc.RA120.013790</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>hwp:master-id:jbc;RA120.013790</dc:identifier>
<dc:publisher>ASBMB</dc:publisher>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cryptic sequence targets the adhesion complex scaffold ANKS4B to apical microvilli to promote enterocyte brush border assembly [Developmental Biology]]]></dc:title>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section>Cell Biology</prism:section>
<prism:subsection1>Developmental Biology</prism:subsection1>
<prism:volume>295</prism:volume>
<prism:number>36</prism:number>
<prism:startingPage>12588</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>12604</prism:endingPage>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12605.short?rss=1">
<title><![CDATA[Cathepsin A contributes to left ventricular remodeling by degrading extracellular superoxide dismutase in mice [Molecular Bases of Disease]]]></title>
<link>http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12605.short?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[In the heart, the serine carboxypeptidase cathepsin A (CatA) is distributed between lysosomes and the extracellular matrix (ECM). CatA-mediated degradation of extracellular peptides may contribute to ECM remodeling and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of CatA overexpression on LV remodeling. A proteomic analysis of the secretome of adult mouse cardiac fibroblasts upon digestion by CatA identified the extracellular antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) as a novel substrate of CatA, which decreased EC-SOD abundance 5-fold. In vitro, both cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts expressed and secreted CatA protein, and only cardiac fibroblasts expressed and secreted EC-SOD protein. Cardiomyocyte-specific CatA overexpression and increased CatA activity in the LV of transgenic mice (CatA-TG) reduced EC-SOD protein levels by 43%. Loss of EC-SOD–mediated antioxidative activity resulted in significant accumulation of superoxide radicals (WT, 4.54 μmol/mg tissue/min; CatA-TG, 8.62 μmol/mg tissue/min), increased inflammation, myocyte hypertrophy (WT, 19.8 μm; CatA-TG, 21.9 μm), cellular apoptosis, and elevated mRNA expression of hypertrophy-related and profibrotic marker genes, without affecting intracellular detoxifying proteins. In CatA-TG mice, LV interstitial fibrosis formation was enhanced by 19%, and the type I/type III collagen ratio was shifted toward higher abundance of collagen I fibers. Cardiac remodeling in CatA-TG was accompanied by an increased LV weight/body weight ratio and LV end diastolic volume (WT, 50.8 μl; CatA-TG, 61.9 μl). In conclusion, CatA-mediated EC-SOD reduction in the heart contributes to increased oxidative stress, myocyte hypertrophy, ECM remodeling, and inflammation, implicating CatA as a potential therapeutic target to prevent ventricular remodeling.]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Mathias Hohl, Manuel Mayr, Lisa Lang, Alexander G. Nickel, Javier Barallobre&ndash;Barreiro, Xiaoke Yin, Thimoteus Speer, Simina&ndash;Ramona Sele&#x0237;an, Claudia Goettsch, Katharina Erb, Claudia Fecher&ndash;Trost, Jan&ndash;Christian Reil, Benedikt Linz, Sven Ruf, Thomas Hubschle, Christoph Maack, Michael Bohm, Thorsten Sadowski, Dominik Linz]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04T00:05:37-07:00</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>info:doi/10.1074/jbc.RA120.013488</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>hwp:master-id:jbc;RA120.013488</dc:identifier>
<dc:publisher>ASBMB</dc:publisher>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cathepsin A contributes to left ventricular remodeling by degrading extracellular superoxide dismutase in mice [Molecular Bases of Disease]]]></dc:title>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section>Molecular Bases of Disease</prism:section>
<prism:volume>295</prism:volume>
<prism:number>36</prism:number>
<prism:startingPage>12605</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>12617</prism:endingPage>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12618.short?rss=1">
<title><![CDATA[Spectroscopic evidence for direct flavin-flavin contact in a bifurcating electron transfer flavoprotein [Bioenergetics]]]></title>
<link>http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12618.short?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[A remarkable charge transfer (CT) band is described in the bifurcating electron transfer flavoprotein (Bf-ETF) from Rhodopseudomonas palustris (RpaETF). RpaETF contains two FADs that play contrasting roles in electron bifurcation. The Bf-FAD accepts electrons pairwise from NADH, directs one to a lower-reduction midpoint potential (E°) carrier, and the other to the higher-E° electron transfer FAD (ET-FAD). Previous work noted that a CT band at 726 nm formed when ET-FAD was reduced and Bf-FAD was oxidized, suggesting that both flavins participate. However, existing crystal structures place them too far apart to interact directly. We present biochemical experiments addressing this conundrum and elucidating the nature of this CT species. We observed that RpaETF missing either FAD lacked the 726 nm band. Site-directed mutagenesis near either FAD produced altered yields of the CT species, supporting involvement of both flavins. The residue substitutions did not alter the absorption maximum of the signal, ruling out contributions from residue orbitals. Instead, we propose that the residue identities modulate the population of a protein conformation that brings the ET-flavin and Bf-flavin into direct contact, explaining the 726 nm band based on a CT complex of reduced ET-FAD and oxidized Bf-FAD. This is corroborated by persistence of the 726 nm species during gentle protein denaturation and simple density functional theory calculations of flavin dimers. Although such a CT complex has been demonstrated for free flavins, this is the first observation of such, to our knowledge, in an enzyme. Thus, Bf-ETFs may optimize electron transfer efficiency by enabling direct flavin-flavin contact.]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[H. Diessel Duan, Nishya Mohamed-Raseek, Anne-Frances Miller]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04T00:05:37-07:00</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>info:doi/10.1074/jbc.RA120.013174</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>hwp:master-id:jbc;RA120.013174</dc:identifier>
<dc:publisher>ASBMB</dc:publisher>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spectroscopic evidence for direct flavin-flavin contact in a bifurcating electron transfer flavoprotein [Bioenergetics]]]></dc:title>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section>Enzymology</prism:section>
<prism:subsection1>Bioenergetics</prism:subsection1>
<prism:volume>295</prism:volume>
<prism:number>36</prism:number>
<prism:startingPage>12618</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>12634</prism:endingPage>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12635.short?rss=1">
<title><![CDATA[The first DEP domain of the RhoGEF P-Rex1 autoinhibits activity and contributes to membrane binding [Protein Structure and Folding]]]></title>
<link>http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12635.short?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3)-dependent Rac exchanger 1 (P-Rex1) catalyzes the exchange of GDP for GTP on Rac GTPases, thereby triggering changes in the actin cytoskeleton and in transcription. Its overexpression is highly correlated with the metastasis of certain cancers. P-Rex1 recruitment to the plasma membrane and its activity are regulated via interactions with heterotrimeric Gβγ subunits, PIP3, and protein kinase A (PKA). Deletion analysis has further shown that domains C-terminal to its catalytic Dbl homology (DH) domain confer autoinhibition. Among these, the first dishevelled, Egl-10, and pleckstrin domain (DEP1) remains to be structurally characterized. DEP1 also harbors the primary PKA phosphorylation site, suggesting that an improved understanding of this region could substantially increase our knowledge of P-Rex1 signaling and open the door to new selective chemotherapeutics. Here we show that the DEP1 domain alone can autoinhibit activity in context of the DH/PH-DEP1 fragment of P-Rex1 and interacts with the DH/PH domains in solution. The 3.1 Å crystal structure of DEP1 features a domain swap, similar to that observed previously in the Dvl2 DEP domain, involving an exposed basic loop that contains the PKA site. Using purified proteins, we show that although DEP1 phosphorylation has no effect on the activity or solution conformation of the DH/PH-DEP1 fragment, it inhibits binding of the DEP1 domain to liposomes containing phosphatidic acid. Thus, we propose that PKA phosphorylation of the DEP1 domain hampers P-Rex1 binding to negatively charged membranes in cells, freeing the DEP1 domain to associate with and inhibit the DH/PH module.]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sandeep K. Ravala, Jesse B. Hopkins, Caroline B. Plescia, Samantha R. Allgood, Madison A. Kane, Jennifer N. Cash, Robert V. Stahelin, John J. G. Tesmer]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04T00:05:37-07:00</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>info:doi/10.1074/jbc.RA120.014534</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>hwp:master-id:jbc;RA120.014534</dc:identifier>
<dc:publisher>ASBMB</dc:publisher>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The first DEP domain of the RhoGEF P-Rex1 autoinhibits activity and contributes to membrane binding [Protein Structure and Folding]]]></dc:title>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section>Signal Transduction</prism:section>
<prism:subsection1>Protein Structure and Folding</prism:subsection1>
<prism:volume>295</prism:volume>
<prism:number>36</prism:number>
<prism:startingPage>12635</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>12647</prism:endingPage>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12648.short?rss=1">
<title><![CDATA[Glycan analysis of human neutrophil granules implicates a maturation-dependent glycosylation machinery [Glycobiology and Extracellular Matrices]]]></title>
<link>http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12648.short?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[Protein glycosylation is essential to trafficking and immune functions of human neutrophils. During granulopoiesis in the bone marrow, distinct neutrophil granules are successively formed. Distinct receptors and effector proteins, many of which are glycosylated, are targeted to each type of granule according to their time of expression, a process called “targeting by timing.” Therefore, these granules are time capsules reflecting different times of maturation that can be used to understand the glycosylation process during granulopoiesis. Herein, neutrophil subcellular granules were fractionated by Percoll density gradient centrifugation, and N- and O-glycans present in each compartment were analyzed by LC–MS. We found abundant paucimannosidic N-glycans and lack of O-glycans in the early-formed azurophil granules, whereas the later-formed specific and gelatinase granules and secretory vesicles contained complex N- and O-glycans with remarkably elongated N-acetyllactosamine repeats with Lewis epitopes. Immunoblotting and histochemical analysis confirmed the expression of Lewis X and sialyl-Lewis X in the intracellular granules and on the cell surface, respectively. Many glycans identified are unique to neutrophils, and their complexity increased progressively from azurophil granules to specific granules and then to gelatinase granules, suggesting temporal changes in the glycosylation machinery indicative of “glycosylation by timing” during granulopoiesis. In summary, this comprehensive neutrophil granule glycome map, the first of its kind, highlights novel granule-specific glycosylation features and is a crucial first step toward a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating protein glycosylation during neutrophil granulopoiesis and a more detailed understanding of neutrophil biology and function.]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Vignesh Venkatakrishnan, Regis Dieckmann, Ian Loke, Harry C. T&#x0237;ondro, Sayantani Chatter&#x0237;ee, Johan Bylund, Morten Thaysen&ndash;Andersen, Niclas G. Karlsson, Anna Karlsson&ndash;Bengtsson]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04T00:05:37-07:00</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>info:doi/10.1074/jbc.RA120.014011</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>hwp:master-id:jbc;RA120.014011</dc:identifier>
<dc:publisher>ASBMB</dc:publisher>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glycan analysis of human neutrophil granules implicates a maturation-dependent glycosylation machinery [Glycobiology and Extracellular Matrices]]]></dc:title>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section>Glycobiology and Extracellular Matrices</prism:section>
<prism:volume>295</prism:volume>
<prism:number>36</prism:number>
<prism:startingPage>12648</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>12660</prism:endingPage>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12661.short?rss=1">
<title><![CDATA[Ubiquitin ligase SMURF2 enhances epidermal growth factor receptor stability and tyrosine-kinase inhibitor resistance [Cell Biology]]]></title>
<link>http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12661.short?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[The discovery of activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations spurred the use of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as erlotinib, as the first-line treatment of lung cancers. We previously reported that differential degradation of TKI-sensitive (e.g. L858R) and resistant (T790M) EGFR mutants upon erlotinib treatment correlates with drug sensitivity. We also reported that SMAD ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 (SMURF2) ligase activity is important in stabilizing EGFR. However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here, using in vitro and in vivo ubiquitination assays, MS, and superresolution microscopy, we show SMURF2–EGFR functional interaction is important for EGFR stability and response to TKI. We demonstrate that L858R/T790M EGFR is preferentially stabilized by SMURF2-UBCH5 (an E3-E2)-mediated polyubiquitination. We identified four lysine residues as the sites of ubiquitination and showed that replacement of one of them with acetylation-mimicking glutamine increases the sensitivity of mutant EGFR to erlotinib-induced degradation. We show that SMURF2 extends membrane retention of EGF-bound EGFR, whereas SMURF2 knockdown increases receptor sorting to lysosomes. In lung cancer cell lines, SMURF2 overexpression increased EGFR levels, improving TKI tolerance, whereas SMURF2 knockdown decreased EGFR steady-state levels and sensitized lung cancer cells. Overall, we propose that SMURF2-mediated polyubiquitination of L858R/T790M EGFR competes with acetylation-mediated receptor internalization that correlates with enhanced receptor stability; therefore, disruption of the E3-E2 complex may be an attractive target to overcome TKI resistance.]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Paramita Ray, Krishnan Raghunathan, Aarif Ahsan, Uday Sankar Allam, Shirish Shukla, Venkatesha Basrur, Sarah Veatch, Theodore S. Lawrence, Mukesh K. Nyati, Dipankar Ray]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04T00:05:37-07:00</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>info:doi/10.1074/jbc.RA120.013519</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>hwp:master-id:jbc;RA120.013519</dc:identifier>
<dc:publisher>ASBMB</dc:publisher>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ubiquitin ligase SMURF2 enhances epidermal growth factor receptor stability and tyrosine-kinase inhibitor resistance [Cell Biology]]]></dc:title>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section>Protein Synthesis and Degradation</prism:section>
<prism:subsection1>Cell Biology</prism:subsection1>
<prism:volume>295</prism:volume>
<prism:number>36</prism:number>
<prism:startingPage>12661</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>12673</prism:endingPage>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12674.short?rss=1">
<title><![CDATA[A comprehensive analysis of Rab GTPases reveals a role for Rab34 in serum starvation-induced primary ciliogenesis [Membrane Biology]]]></title>
<link>http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12674.short?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[Primary cilia are sensors of chemical and mechanical signals in the extracellular environment. The formation of primary cilia (i.e. ciliogenesis) requires dynamic membrane trafficking events, and several Rab small GTPases, key regulators of membrane trafficking, have recently been reported to participate in ciliogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms of Rab-mediated membrane trafficking during ciliogenesis remain largely unknown. In the present study, we used a collection of siRNAs against 62 human Rabs to perform a comprehensive knockdown screening for Rabs that regulate serum starvation-induced ciliogenesis in human telomerase reverse transcriptase retinal pigment epithelium 1 (hTERT-RPE1) cells and succeeded in identifying Rab34 as an essential Rab. Knockout (KO) of Rab34, but not of Rabs previously reported to regulate ciliogenesis (e.g. Rab8 and Rab10) in hTERT-RPE1 cells, drastically impaired serum starvation-induced ciliogenesis. Rab34 was also required for serum starvation-induced ciliogenesis in NIH/3T3 cells and MCF10A cells but not for ciliogenesis in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK)-II cysts. We then attempted to identify a specific region(s) of Rab34 that is essential for ciliogenesis by performing deletion and mutation analyses of Rab34. Unexpectedly, instead of a specific sequence in the switch II region, which is generally important for recognizing effector proteins (e.g. Rab interacting lysosomal protein [RILP]), a unique long N-terminal region of Rab34 before the conserved GTPase domain was found to be essential. These findings suggest that Rab34 is an atypical Rab that regulates serum starvation-induced ciliogenesis through its unique N-terminal region.]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Mai E. Oguchi, Koki Okuyama, Yuta Homma, Mitsunori Fukuda]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04T00:05:37-07:00</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>info:doi/10.1074/jbc.RA119.012233</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>hwp:master-id:jbc;RA119.012233</dc:identifier>
<dc:publisher>ASBMB</dc:publisher>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A comprehensive analysis of Rab GTPases reveals a role for Rab34 in serum starvation-induced primary ciliogenesis [Membrane Biology]]]></dc:title>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section>Cell Biology</prism:section>
<prism:subsection1>Membrane Biology</prism:subsection1>
<prism:volume>295</prism:volume>
<prism:number>36</prism:number>
<prism:startingPage>12674</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>12685</prism:endingPage>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12686.short?rss=1">
<title><![CDATA[Intracellular autoactivation of TMPRSS11A, an airway epithelial transmembrane serine protease [Enzymology]]]></title>
<link>http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12686.short?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[Type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) are a group of enzymes participating in diverse biological processes. Some members of the TTSP family are implicated in viral infection. TMPRSS11A is a TTSP expressed on the surface of airway epithelial cells, which has been shown to cleave and activate spike proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (CoVs). In this study, we examined the mechanism underlying the activation cleavage of TMPRSS11A that converts the one-chain zymogen to a two-chain enzyme. By expression in human embryonic kidney 293, esophageal EC9706, and lung epithelial A549 and 16HBE cells, Western blotting, and site-directed mutagenesis, we found that the activation cleavage of human TMPRSS11A was mediated by autocatalysis. Moreover, we found that TMPRSS11A activation cleavage occurred before the protein reached the cell surface, as indicated by studies with trypsin digestion to remove cell surface proteins, treatment with cell organelle-disturbing agents to block intracellular protein trafficking, and analysis of a soluble form of TMPRSS11A without the transmembrane domain. We also showed that TMPRSS11A was able to cleave the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. These results reveal an intracellular autocleavage mechanism in TMPRSS11A zymogen activation, which differs from the extracellular zymogen activation reported in other TTSPs. These findings provide new insights into the diverse mechanisms in regulating TTSP activation.]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ce Zhang, Yikai Zhang, Shengnan Zhang, Zhiting Wang, Shijin Sun, Meng Liu, Yue Chen, Ningzheng Dong, Qingyu Wu]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04T00:05:37-07:00</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>info:doi/10.1074/jbc.RA120.014525</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>hwp:master-id:jbc;RA120.014525</dc:identifier>
<dc:publisher>ASBMB</dc:publisher>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intracellular autoactivation of TMPRSS11A, an airway epithelial transmembrane serine protease [Enzymology]]]></dc:title>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section>Enzymology</prism:section>
<prism:volume>295</prism:volume>
<prism:number>36</prism:number>
<prism:startingPage>12686</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>12696</prism:endingPage>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12697.short?rss=1">
<title><![CDATA[Peroxidasin mediates bromination of tyrosine residues in the extracellular matrix [Cell Biology]]]></title>
<link>http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12697.short?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[Peroxidasin is a heme peroxidase that oxidizes bromide to hypobromous acid (HOBr), a powerful oxidant that promotes the formation of the sulfilimine crosslink in collagen IV in basement membranes. We investigated whether HOBr released by peroxidasin leads to other oxidative modifications of proteins, particularly bromination of tyrosine residues, in peroxidasin-expressing PFHR9 cells. Using stable isotope dilution LC-MS/MS, we detected the formation of 3-bromotyrosine, a specific biomarker of HOBr-mediated protein modification. The level of 3-bromotyrosine in extracellular matrix proteins from normally cultured cells was 1.1 mmol/mol tyrosine and decreased significantly in the presence of the peroxidasin inhibitor, phloroglucinol. A negligible amount of 3-bromotyrosine was detected in peroxidasin-knockout cells. 3-Bromotyrosine formed both during cell growth in culture and in the isolated decellularized extracellular matrix when embedded peroxidasin was supplied with hydrogen peroxide and bromide. The level of 3-bromotyrosine was significantly higher in extracellular matrix than intracellular proteins, although a low amount was detected intracellularly. 3-Bromotyrosine levels increased with higher bromide concentrations and decreased in the presence of physiological concentrations of thiocyanate and urate. However, these peroxidase substrates showed moderate to minimal inhibition of collagen IV crosslinking. Our findings provide evidence that peroxidasin promotes the formation of 3-bromotyrosine in proteins. They show that HOBr produced by peroxidasin is selective for, but not limited to, the crosslinking of collagen IV. Based on our findings, the use of 3-bromotyrosine as a specific biomarker of oxidative damage by HOBr warrants further investigation in clinical conditions linked to high peroxidasin expression.]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Boushra Bathish, Martina Paumann-Page, Louise N. Paton, Anthony J. Kettle, Christine C. Winterbourn]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04T00:05:37-07:00</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>info:doi/10.1074/jbc.RA120.014504</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>hwp:master-id:jbc;RA120.014504</dc:identifier>
<dc:publisher>ASBMB</dc:publisher>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Peroxidasin mediates bromination of tyrosine residues in the extracellular matrix [Cell Biology]]]></dc:title>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section>Enzymology</prism:section>
<prism:subsection1>Cell Biology</prism:subsection1>
<prism:volume>295</prism:volume>
<prism:number>36</prism:number>
<prism:startingPage>12697</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>12705</prism:endingPage>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12706.short?rss=1">
<title><![CDATA[PE5-PPE4-EspG3 heterotrimer structure from mycobacterial ESX-3 secretion system gives insight into cognate substrate recognition by ESX systems [Microbiology]]]></title>
<link>http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12706.short?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[Mycobacterium tuberculosis has evolved numerous type VII secretion (ESX) systems to secrete multiple factors important for both growth and virulence across their cell envelope. ESX-1, ESX-3, and ESX-5 systems have been shown to each secrete a distinct set of substrates, including PE and PPE families of proteins, named for conserved Pro-Glu and Pro-Pro-Glu motifs in their N termini. Proper secretion of the PE–PPE proteins requires the presence of EspG, with each system encoding its own unique copy. There is no cross-talk between any of the ESX systems, and how each EspG recognizes its subset of PE–PPE proteins is currently unknown. The only current structural characterization of PE–PPE–EspG heterotrimers is from the ESX-5 system. Here we present the crystal structure of the PE5mt–PPE4mt–EspG3mm heterotrimer from the ESX-3 system. Our heterotrimer reveals that EspG3mm interacts exclusively with PPE4mt in a similar manner to EspG5, shielding the hydrophobic tip of PPE4mt from solvent. The C-terminal helical domain of EspG3mm is dynamic, alternating between “open” and “closed” forms, and this movement is likely functionally relevant in the unloading of PE–PPE heterodimers at the secretion machinery. In contrast to the previously solved ESX-5 heterotrimers, the PE–PPE heterodimer of our ESX-3 heterotrimer is interacting with its chaperone at a drastically different angle and presents different faces of the PPE protein to the chaperone. We conclude that the PPE–EspG interface from each ESX system has a unique shape complementarity that allows each EspG to discriminate among noncognate PE–PPE pairs.]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Zachary A. Williamson, Catherine T. Chaton, William A. Ciocca, Natalia Korotkova, Konstantin V. Korotkov]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04T00:05:37-07:00</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>info:doi/10.1074/jbc.RA120.012698</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>hwp:master-id:jbc;RA120.012698</dc:identifier>
<dc:publisher>ASBMB</dc:publisher>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PE5-PPE4-EspG3 heterotrimer structure from mycobacterial ESX-3 secretion system gives insight into cognate substrate recognition by ESX systems [Microbiology]]]></dc:title>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section>Protein Structure and Folding</prism:section>
<prism:subsection1>Microbiology</prism:subsection1>
<prism:volume>295</prism:volume>
<prism:number>36</prism:number>
<prism:startingPage>12706</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>12715</prism:endingPage>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12716.short?rss=1">
<title><![CDATA[Caspr2 interacts with type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor in the developing cerebellum and regulates Purkinje cell morphology [Molecular Bases of Disease]]]></title>
<link>http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12716.short?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[Contactin-associated protein-like 2 (Caspr2) is a neurexin-like protein that has been associated with numerous neurological conditions. However, the specific functional roles that Caspr2 plays in the central nervous system and their underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we report on a functional role for Caspr2 in the developing cerebellum. Using a combination of confocal microscopy, biochemical analyses, and behavioral testing, we show that loss of Caspr2 in the Cntnap2−/− knockout mouse results in impaired Purkinje cell dendritic development, altered intracellular signaling, and motor coordination deficits. We also find that Caspr2 is highly enriched at synaptic specializations in the cerebellum. Using a proteomics approach, we identify type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R1) as a specific synaptic interaction partner of the Caspr2 extracellular domain in the molecular layer of the developing cerebellum. The interaction of the Caspr2 extracellular domain with IP3R1 inhibits IP3R1-mediated changes in cellular morphology. Together, our work defines a mechanism by which Caspr2 controls the development and function of the cerebellum and advances our understanding of how Caspr2 dysfunction might lead to specific brain disorders.]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Liam Argent, Friederike Winter, Imogen Prickett, Maria Carrasquero-Ordaz, Abby L. Olsen, Holger Kramer, Eric Lancaster, Esther B. E. Becker]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04T00:05:37-07:00</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>info:doi/10.1074/jbc.RA120.012655</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>hwp:master-id:jbc;RA120.012655</dc:identifier>
<dc:publisher>ASBMB</dc:publisher>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Caspr2 interacts with type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor in the developing cerebellum and regulates Purkinje cell morphology [Molecular Bases of Disease]]]></dc:title>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section>Neurobiology</prism:section>
<prism:subsection1>Molecular Bases of Disease</prism:subsection1>
<prism:volume>295</prism:volume>
<prism:number>36</prism:number>
<prism:startingPage>12716</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>12726</prism:endingPage>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12727.short?rss=1">
<title><![CDATA[Ozone-derived oxysterols impair lung macrophage phagocytosis via adduction of some phagocytosis receptors [Cell Biology]]]></title>
<link>http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12727.short?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[Inhalation of the ambient air pollutant ozone causes lung inflammation and can suppress host defense mechanisms, including impairing macrophage phagocytosis. Ozone reacts with cholesterol in the lung to form oxysterols, like secosterol A and secosterol B (SecoA and SecoB), which can form covalent adducts on cellular proteins. How oxysterol-protein adduction modifies the function of lung macrophages is unknown. Herein, we used a proteomic screen to identify lung macrophage proteins that form adducts with ozone-derived oxysterols. Functional ontology analysis of the adductome indicated that protein binding was a major function of adducted proteins. Further analysis of specific proteins forming adducts with SecoA identified the phagocytic receptors CD206 and CD64. Adduction of these receptors with ozone-derived oxysterols impaired ligand binding and corresponded with reduced macrophage phagocytosis. This work suggests a novel mechanism for the suppression of macrophage phagocytosis following ozone exposure through the generation of oxysterols and the formation of oxysterol-protein adducts on phagocytic receptors.]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Parker F. Duffney, Hye-Young H. Kim, Ned A. Porter, Ilona Jaspers]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04T00:05:37-07:00</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>info:doi/10.1074/jbc.RA120.013699</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>hwp:master-id:jbc;RA120.013699</dc:identifier>
<dc:publisher>ASBMB</dc:publisher>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ozone-derived oxysterols impair lung macrophage phagocytosis via adduction of some phagocytosis receptors [Cell Biology]]]></dc:title>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section>Cell Biology</prism:section>
<prism:volume>295</prism:volume>
<prism:number>36</prism:number>
<prism:startingPage>12727</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>12738</prism:endingPage>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12739.short?rss=1">
<title><![CDATA[Inhibitors of a Na+-pumping NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase play multiple roles to block enzyme function [Enzymology]]]></title>
<link>http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12739.short?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[The Na+-pumping NADH-ubiquinone (UQ) oxidoreductase (Na+-NQR) is present in the respiratory chain of many pathogenic bacteria and is thought to be a promising antibiotic target. Whereas many details of Na+-NQR structure and function are known, the mechanisms of action of potent inhibitors is not well-understood; elucidating the mechanisms would not only advance drug design strategies but might also provide insights on a terminal electron transfer from riboflavin to UQ. To this end, we performed photoaffinity labeling experiments using photoreactive derivatives of two known inhibitors, aurachin and korormicin, on isolated Vibrio cholerae Na+-NQR. The inhibitors labeled the cytoplasmic surface domain of the NqrB subunit including a protruding N-terminal stretch, which may be critical to regulate the UQ reaction in the adjacent NqrA subunit. The labeling was blocked by short-chain UQs such as ubiquinone-2. The photolabile group (2-aryl-5-carboxytetrazole (ACT)) of these inhibitors reacts with nucleophilic amino acids, so we tested mutations of nucleophilic residues in the labeled region of NqrB, such as Asp49 and Asp52 (to Ala), and observed moderate decreases in labeling yields, suggesting that these residues are involved in the interaction with ACT. We conclude that the inhibitors interfere with the UQ reaction in two ways: the first is blocking structural rearrangements at the cytoplasmic interface between NqrA and NqrB, and the second is the direct obstruction of UQ binding at this interfacial area. Unusual competitive behavior between the photoreactive inhibitors and various competitors corroborates our previous proposition that there may be two inhibitor binding sites in Na+-NQR.]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Takahiro Masuya, Yuki Sano, Hinako Tanaka, Nicole L. Butler, Takeshi Ito, Tatsuhiko Tosaki, Joel E. Morgan, Masatoshi Murai, Blanca Barquera, Hideto Miyoshi]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04T00:05:37-07:00</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>info:doi/10.1074/jbc.RA120.014229</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>hwp:master-id:jbc;RA120.014229</dc:identifier>
<dc:publisher>ASBMB</dc:publisher>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibitors of a Na+-pumping NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase play multiple roles to block enzyme function [Enzymology]]]></dc:title>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section>Bioenergetics</prism:section>
<prism:subsection1>Enzymology</prism:subsection1>
<prism:volume>295</prism:volume>
<prism:number>36</prism:number>
<prism:startingPage>12739</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>12754</prism:endingPage>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12755.short?rss=1">
<title><![CDATA[Structure of a collagen VI {alpha}3 chain VWA domain array: adaptability and functional implications of myopathy causing mutations [Glycobiology and Extracellular Matrices]]]></title>
<link>http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12755.short?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[Collagen VI is a ubiquitous heterotrimeric protein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that plays an essential role in the proper maintenance of skeletal muscle. Mutations in collagen VI lead to a spectrum of congenital myopathies, from the mild Bethlem myopathy to the severe Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy. Collagen VI contains only a short triple helix and consists primarily of von Willebrand factor type A (VWA) domains, protein–protein interaction modules found in a range of ECM proteins. Disease-causing mutations occur commonly in the VWA domains, and the second VWA domain of the α3 chain, the N2 domain, harbors several such mutations. Here, we investigate structure-function relationships of the N2 mutations to shed light on their possible myopathy mechanisms. We determined the X-ray crystal structure of N2, combined with monitoring secretion efficiency in cell culture of selected N2 single-domain mutants, finding that mutations located within the central core of the domain severely affect secretion efficiency. In longer α3 chain constructs, spanning N6-N3, small-angle X-ray scattering demonstrates that the tandem VWA array has a modular architecture and samples multiple conformations in solution. Single-particle EM confirmed the presence of multiple conformations. Structural adaptability appears intrinsic to the VWA domain region of collagen VI α3 and has implications for binding interactions and modulating stiffness within the ECM.]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Herimela Solomon&ndash;Degefa, Jan M. Gebauer, Cy M. Jeffries, Carolin D. Freiburg, Patrick Meckelburg, Louise E. Bird, Ulrich Baumann, Dmitri I. Svergun, Raymond J. Owens, Jorn M. Werner, Elmar Behrmann, Mats Paulsson, Raimund Wagener]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04T00:05:37-07:00</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>info:doi/10.1074/jbc.RA120.014865</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>hwp:master-id:jbc;RA120.014865</dc:identifier>
<dc:publisher>ASBMB</dc:publisher>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of a collagen VI {alpha}3 chain VWA domain array: adaptability and functional implications of myopathy causing mutations [Glycobiology and Extracellular Matrices]]]></dc:title>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section>Protein Structure and Folding</prism:section>
<prism:subsection1>Glycobiology and Extracellular Matrices</prism:subsection1>
<prism:volume>295</prism:volume>
<prism:number>36</prism:number>
<prism:startingPage>12755</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>12771</prism:endingPage>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12772.short?rss=1">
<title><![CDATA[Characterization of the endoplasmic reticulum-resident peroxidases GPx7 and GPx8 shows the higher oxidative activity of GPx7 and its linkage to oxidative protein folding [Protein Structure and Folding]]]></title>
<link>http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12772.short?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[Oxidative protein folding occurs primarily in the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum, enabled by a diverse network comprising more than 20 members of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family and more than five PDI oxidases. Although the canonical disulfide bond formation pathway involving Ero1α and PDI has been well-studied so far, the physiological roles of the newly identified PDI oxidases, glutathione peroxidase-7 (GPx7) and -8 (GPx8), are only poorly understood. We here demonstrated that human GPx7 has much higher reactivity with H2O2 and hence greater PDI oxidation activity than human GPx8. The high reactivity of GPx7 is due to the presence of a catalytic tetrad at the redox-active site, which stabilizes the sulfenylated species generated upon the reaction with H2O2. Although it was previously postulated that GPx7 catalysis involved a highly reactive peroxidatic cysteine that can be sulfenylated by H2O2, we revealed that a resolving cysteine instead regulates the PDI oxidation activity of GPx7. We also determined that GPx7 formed complexes preferentially with PDI and P5 in H2O2-treated cells. Altogether, these results suggest that human GPx7 functions as an H2O2-dependent PDI oxidase in cells, whereas PDI oxidation may not be the central physiological role of human GPx8.]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shingo Kanemura, Elza Firdiani Sofia, Naoya Hirai, Masaki Okumura, Hiroshi Kadokura, Kenji Inaba]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04T00:05:37-07:00</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>info:doi/10.1074/jbc.RA120.013607</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>hwp:master-id:jbc;RA120.013607</dc:identifier>
<dc:publisher>ASBMB</dc:publisher>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of the endoplasmic reticulum-resident peroxidases GPx7 and GPx8 shows the higher oxidative activity of GPx7 and its linkage to oxidative protein folding [Protein Structure and Folding]]]></dc:title>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section>Enzymology</prism:section>
<prism:subsection1>Protein Structure and Folding</prism:subsection1>
<prism:volume>295</prism:volume>
<prism:number>36</prism:number>
<prism:startingPage>12772</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>12785</prism:endingPage>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12786.short?rss=1">
<title><![CDATA[Brain cell somatic gene recombination and its phylogenetic foundations [Genomics and Proteomics]]]></title>
<link>http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12786.short?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[A new form of somatic gene recombination (SGR) has been identified in the human brain that affects the Alzheimer's disease gene, amyloid precursor protein (APP). SGR occurs when a gene sequence is cut and recombined within a single cell's genomic DNA, generally independent of DNA replication and the cell cycle. The newly identified brain SGR produces genomic complementary DNAs (gencDNAs) lacking introns, which integrate into locations distinct from germline loci. This brief review will present an overview of likely related recombination mechanisms and genomic cDNA-like sequences that implicate evolutionary origins for brain SGR. Similarities and differences exist between brain SGR and VDJ recombination in the immune system, the first identified SGR form that now has a well-defined enzymatic machinery. Both require gene transcription, but brain SGR uses an RNA intermediate and reverse transcriptase (RT) activity, which are characteristics shared with endogenous retrotransposons. The identified gencDNAs have similarities to other cDNA-like sequences existing throughout phylogeny, including intron-less genes and inactive germline processed pseudogenes, with likely overlapping biosynthetic processes. gencDNAs arise somatically in an individual to produce multiple copies; can be functional; appear most frequently within postmitotic cells; have diverse sequences; change with age; and can change with disease state. Normally occurring brain SGR may represent a mechanism for gene optimization and long-term cellular memory, whereas its dysregulation could underlie multiple brain disorders and, potentially, other diseases like cancer. The involvement of RT activity implicates already Food and Drug Administration–approved RT inhibitors as possible near-term interventions for managing SGR-associated diseases and suggest next-generation therapeutics targeting SGR elements.]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Gwendolyn Kaeser, Jerold Chun]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04T00:05:37-07:00</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>info:doi/10.1074/jbc.REV120.009192</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>hwp:master-id:jbc;REV120.009192</dc:identifier>
<dc:publisher>ASBMB</dc:publisher>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain cell somatic gene recombination and its phylogenetic foundations [Genomics and Proteomics]]]></dc:title>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section>JBC Reviews</prism:section>
<prism:subsection1>DNA and Chromosomes</prism:subsection1>
<prism:subsection2>Genomics and Proteomics</prism:subsection2>
<prism:volume>295</prism:volume>
<prism:number>36</prism:number>
<prism:startingPage>12786</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>12795</prism:endingPage>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12796.short?rss=1">
<title><![CDATA[Regulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 dynamics through multisite phosphorylation by GSK3 [Protein Synthesis and Degradation]]]></title>
<link>http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12796.short?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 (eIF6) is essential for the synthesis of 60S ribosomal subunits and for regulating the association of 60S and 40S subunits. A mechanistic understanding of how eIF6 modulates translation in response to stress, specifically starvation-induced stress, is lacking. We here show a novel mode of eIF6 regulation by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) that is predominantly active in response to serum starvation. Both GSK3α and GSK3β phosphorylate human eIF6. Multiple residues in the C terminus of eIF6 are phosphorylated by GSK3 in a sequential manner. In response to serum starvation, eIF6 accumulates in the cytoplasm, and this altered localization depends on phosphorylation by GSK3. Disruption of eIF6 phosphorylation exacerbates the translation inhibitory response to serum starvation and stalls cell growth. These results suggest that eIF6 regulation by GSK3 contributes to the attenuation of global protein synthesis that is critical for adaptation to starvation-induced stress.]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Courtney F. Jungers, Jonah M. Elliff, Daniela S. Masson-Meyers, Christopher J. Phiel, Sofia Origanti]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04T00:05:37-07:00</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>info:doi/10.1074/jbc.RA120.013324</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>hwp:master-id:jbc;RA120.013324</dc:identifier>
<dc:publisher>ASBMB</dc:publisher>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 dynamics through multisite phosphorylation by GSK3 [Protein Synthesis and Degradation]]]></dc:title>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section>Cell Biology</prism:section>
<prism:subsection1>Protein Synthesis and Degradation</prism:subsection1>
<prism:volume>295</prism:volume>
<prism:number>36</prism:number>
<prism:startingPage>12796</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>12813</prism:endingPage>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12814.short?rss=1">
<title><![CDATA[Identification of an anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain-directed human monoclonal antibody from a naive semisynthetic library [Methods and Resources]]]></title>
<link>http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12814.short?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[There is a desperate need for safe and effective vaccines, therapies, and diagnostics for SARS– coronavirus 2 (CoV-2), the development of which will be aided by the discovery of potent and selective antibodies against relevant viral epitopes. Human phage display technology has revolutionized the process of identifying and optimizing antibodies, providing facile entry points for further applications. Herein, we use this technology to search for antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of CoV-2. Specifically, we screened a naïve human semisynthetic phage library against RBD, leading to the identification of a high-affinity single-chain fragment variable region (scFv). The scFv was further engineered into two other antibody formats (scFv-Fc and IgG1). All three antibody formats showed high binding specificity to CoV-2 RBD and the spike antigens in different assay systems. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated specific binding of the IgG1 format to cells expressing membrane-bound CoV-2 spike protein. Docking studies revealed that the scFv recognizes an epitope that partially overlaps with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)–interacting sites on the CoV-2 RBD. Given its high specificity and affinity, we anticipate that these anti-CoV-2 antibodies will be useful as valuable reagents for accessing the antigenicity of vaccine candidates, as well as developing antibody-based therapeutics and diagnostics for CoV-2.]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Hilal Ahmad Parray, Adarsh Kumar Chiranjivi, Shailendra Asthana, Naveen Yadav, Tripti Shrivastava, Shailendra Mani, Chandresh Sharma, Preeti Vishwakarma, Supratik Das, Kamal Pindari, Subrata Sinha, Sweety Samal, Shubbir Ahmed, Rajesh Kumar]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04T00:05:37-07:00</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>info:doi/10.1074/jbc.AC120.014918</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>hwp:master-id:jbc;AC120.014918</dc:identifier>
<dc:publisher>ASBMB</dc:publisher>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of an anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain-directed human monoclonal antibody from a naive semisynthetic library [Methods and Resources]]]></dc:title>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section>Accelerated Communications</prism:section>
<prism:subsection1>Immunology</prism:subsection1>
<prism:subsection2>Methods and Resources</prism:subsection2>
<prism:volume>295</prism:volume>
<prism:number>36</prism:number>
<prism:startingPage>12814</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>12821</prism:endingPage>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12822.short?rss=1">
<title><![CDATA[The tetraspanin Tspan15 is an essential subunit of an ADAM10 scissor complex [Membrane Biology]]]></title>
<link>http://www.jbc.org/content/295/36/12822.short?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) is a transmembrane protein essential for embryonic development, and its dysregulation underlies disorders such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and inflammation. ADAM10 is a “molecular scissor” that proteolytically cleaves the extracellular region from >100 substrates, including Notch, amyloid precursor protein, cadherins, growth factors, and chemokines. ADAM10 has been recently proposed to function as six distinct scissors with different substrates, depending on its association with one of six regulatory tetraspanins, termed TspanC8s. However, it remains unclear to what degree ADAM10 function critically depends on a TspanC8 partner, and a lack of monoclonal antibodies specific for most TspanC8s has hindered investigation of this question. To address this knowledge gap, here we designed an immunogen to generate the first monoclonal antibodies targeting Tspan15, a model TspanC8. The immunogen was created in an ADAM10-knockout mouse cell line stably overexpressing human Tspan15, because we hypothesized that expression in this cell line would expose epitopes that are normally blocked by ADAM10. Following immunization of mice, this immunogen strategy generated four Tspan15 antibodies. Using these antibodies, we show that endogenous Tspan15 and ADAM10 co-localize on the cell surface, that ADAM10 is the principal Tspan15-interacting protein, that endogenous Tspan15 expression requires ADAM10 in cell lines and primary cells, and that a synthetic ADAM10/Tspan15 fusion protein is a functional scissor. Furthermore, two of the four antibodies impaired ADAM10/Tspan15 activity. These findings suggest that Tspan15 directly interacts with ADAM10 in a functional scissor complex.]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chek Ziu Koo, Neale Harrison, Peter J. Noy, Justyna Szyroka, Alexandra L. Matthews, Hung&ndash;En Hsia, Stephan A. Muller, Johanna Tushaus, Joelle Goulding, Katie Willis, Clara Apicella, Bethany Cragoe, Edward Davis, Murat Keles, Antonia Malinova, Thomas A. McFarlane, Philip R. Morrison, Hanh T. H. Nguyen, Michael C. Sykes, Haroon Ahmed, Alessandro Di Maio, Lisa Seipold, Paul Saftig, Eleanor Cull, Christos Pliotas, Eric Rubinstein, Natalie S. Poulter, Stephen J. Briddon, Nicholas D. Holliday, Stefan F. Lichtenthaler, Michael G. Tomlinson]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04T00:05:37-07:00</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>info:doi/10.1074/jbc.RA120.012601</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>hwp:master-id:jbc;RA120.012601</dc:identifier>
<dc:publisher>ASBMB</dc:publisher>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The tetraspanin Tspan15 is an essential subunit of an ADAM10 scissor complex [Membrane Biology]]]></dc:title>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section>Cell Biology</prism:section>
<prism:subsection1>Membrane Biology</prism:subsection1>
<prism:volume>295</prism:volume>
<prism:number>36</prism:number>
<prism:startingPage>12822</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>12839</prism:endingPage>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>